Electrical system.



G. W. HALLOCK.

ELECTRICAL SYSTEM.

APPLICATION HLED DEC. 7 I909.

1, 1 43, 1 9 1 Patented June 15, 1915.

THE NORRIS PETERS CO., PHOTO L|TH11v WASHINGTON. l) C ceases Jii'AIlilLOGK, on NEW YORK, N. Yf, ASSIGNOR T ITHEYSAFETY can HEATING & LIGHTING COMPANY, A ooRrona'rIoN on NEW JERSEY.

TQGZZ ZUhOWZ it may concern: v

Be 1t known that I, Gnoncn W. HALLOOK,

a citizen of the United States, residing in the borough of- Brooklyn, county of Kings city and State of New York, have invente new and useful Tm rovements in Electrical $ystems, of which the following is a descriptlon. c

Y My invention pertains to that class of electrical systems in which it is desired to chare a storage battery and operate lamps or other translating devices from a genervator driven at variable speeds. r

My invention has for its particular object to providermeans whereby; variousv'a'utomatic deyices used t'or 'perfor'ni certain functlons in systems of the character may be 7 designed and operated so asjto meet certain practical working cond1t1on's,part1cularly to 1 v be met wlth inthe llghtlng of railwa cars by electricity generated by a dynamo riven from the-car axle. a f w a As invention-is largely used for this purpose it will be. describe in connection "with a car lighting system in which it is embodied. v

The drawing is a diagram of one type of system of electrical distribution comprehendingmy invention. 1 v v 1 In the drawing lrepre'sents a dynamo or' .gei'ierz'ltor driven from a variable source of a motion .asfrorn the axle of a car, it being understood, of course, that the dynamo indicated. isso arranged as to deliver current of constant polarity regardlessoffreversals in direction of motion of the car, From the I the lead 2 as b i'n-g from the generator through. the lead 2V v and; are wound in s'u'ch position with respect tact member'5 to establish electrical connec- H The member 4:18 provided with aca'rpositive brush of the generator the lead 2 is carriedto the winding 3 andithence to the 1 e "switch terminal orcontact member 4 adapt- 40 ed'to coc'perateiwith the switch member 5 manner which will behereinafter described; j

' 6 represents V Wire 7 and with the negative terminal '0 the generator as by wire '8. The coils 3 and 6 arewound in such manner as to' assist each other when current is flowto the core 9'asto tend to liftfthe same when excited in such manner as to cause thecontionbetween the member 4zand the member a shunt coil connected with ELECTRICAL SYSTEM.

Specification o f Letters Patent. Patented June 15, 1915. Application filed se men, 1909. Serial No. 531,759.

bon Contact piece 11 and the member 10 with a like carbon contactpiece 12.

1,3 and "14 represent similar, carbon con- 16 represents any suitably type of stop limiting the downward movement of the core 9 whenlthecoils are deenergized. c

.tact pieces carried upon the flexible spring, '15 electrically connected with the member 5; i

17 represents a conducting member pivot ally" mountedasrshown at 18 and adapted tov normally tend to establish electrical connec- -tion with the member 19. From the contact member 10 the main 20 is carried. to the re sistance 23 from whichthe main 24 is led through switch 57 to, the lamps or other from which the wire 22 is carried to wire- 29 and then to the lever *17Icoeperating with thecontact member 19 from which the wire 21 isled toa point upon the main 24 be-v tween the resistance 23 and the switch 57.

' The wire 29' is led to the positive side of the storage batteries 30, the negative side of Which'is connected as by wire 31 with the lead'2'6. The coil 28 surrounds the core 32 supported by the bell-crank lever 33 pivoted as-at 34 and carrying the member 35 which in turn'carries the conducting yoke 36 insulated therefrom as by member 37 and coun- V terb'alanced as by means of weight 38. The 7 adjustable spring '39 tends to drawthe yoke 36 against the'c'arbon resistances 40 so as to compact and reduce the resistance thereof and it willbe evident that pull upon the core 32 caused by the excitation 'of the coil 28 willthus tend to decrease the pressure upon the carbon disks 40 in such manner as to ,increaselthe resistance thereof. The wire 41 is carried from they lead 2 to one side of the carbon disks 40 from the other side of which-the wire 42 is carried to, one side of the'field winding 43, the other side of which is connected; with the negative pole of the generator asby wire44; The coil 45 also surrounds the core 32'andhas one'of its ends connected to the Wire 46 leading to the contact '47.

J48 representsapivotally, mounted armalture normally drawn in a downward, direcbyfthe' adjustable spring 49.

connection between the wire 50 and the wire 46 through the wire 56, armature 48 and contact 47. The coil 45 has its other terminal connected with the wire 54 which is connected to the lead 26 through the adjustable resistance 55. The windings 28and 45 are so arranged that current flowing from the generator to the storage battery through the coil 28 tends to cause a downward pull upon the core 32 so as to increase the resistance 40; and current flowing from the lead 2 to the lead 26 through the coil 45 when the circuit is closed at 47 tends to assist the said coil 28 in the above outlined operation.

The practical operation of my improved system is substantially as follows starting with the generator at rest and with no lamps or translating devices in circuit: Under these conditions the core 9 of the main switch will be entirely released and the switch will be wide open and resting upon the pin 16. The lever 17 will then be in the position shown in the drawing and in contact with the member 19 so that if the lamp switch 57 be closed current flowing from the battery to the lamps will mostly pass through wire 29, wire 22 lever 17, wire 21, switch 57 and wire 24 and return through lead 26 and wire 31 to the battery. A. small current will also flow from wire 29 through coil 28 and wire 27, main 20 and resistance 23 to the lamps but owing to the resistance of this circuit the current therein will not be suliicient to cause any appreciable effect upon the core 32. lVith the generator at rest and the main switch open as above described the coil 51 will not be energized and the spring 49 will pull the armature 48 away from the contact 47 and break the circuit therethrough and there will be no current flowing in the coil 45. If the generator now be started current will flow through lead 2, wire 41, resistances 40, wire 42, field coil 43 and wire 44 back to the generator causing thefield to build up in a. well-known manner. Current will also flow from wire 7 through coil 6 and return to the generator through wire 8. hen the generator voltage is substantially that of the normal voltage of the battery 30 the coil 6 will cause the core 9 to be lifted into the position shown in the drawing which will cause contact between the members 11 and 13 and 12 and 14. As these are carbon contacts the resistance across the same will depend upon the pressure exerted by the tendency of the core 9 to rise and bend the spring member 15 and the current flowing through the coil 3 across the contacts 11 and 13 through spring member 15 and across contacts 12 and 14 will tend to cause the core 9 to be .raised against the spring action of the member 15 so as to complete the circuit through the contact member 5 of very low or negligible resistance, If the voltage of the generator be suflicient that considerable current shall flow to the battery the coil 3 will cause the circuit to be closed through the member 5 immediately and the contact between 17 and 19 to be simultaneously broken. The breaking of this contact will throw the resistance in circuit with the lamps or translating devices in such manner as to compensate for the increase in generator voltage above that of the battery upon which they may have been operating before. I now adjust the spring 39 so that the current flowing to the battery through the coil 28 will not appreciably increase the resistance of the carbon disks 40 until a predetermined current shall be deliiered to the battery when any further increase in current will cause the core 32 to be drawn downward and resistance inserted in the field circuit in such manner as to hold the current supplied to the battery practically constant. It now the generator continues to deliver its maximum current to the batteries they will in course of time become charged until their voltage shall rise appreciably and cause the current flowing in the coil 51 to be materially increased. As it is not desired to continue this maximum charging after the batteries have become charged so that their voltage shall have risen to a predetermined point I so adjust the spring 49 that when this voltage be reached the coil 51 will cause the armature 48 to be raised and cause contact to be made with the member 47 and thus allow current to flow from the generator through wire 41, wire 50, wire 56, armature 48, contact 47, wire 46, coil 45, wire 54 and adjustable resistance 55 to the lead 26. I now adjust the current in the coil 45 by means of the adjustable resistance 55 so that the said coil acting upon the core 32 serves to increase the resistances 40 sufficiently to cause the generator voltage to drop to nearly that of the battery-that is, I so adjust the current in the coil 45 that a very small current flowing in the coil 28 is suflicient to cause insertion of resistances 40 and prevent any further rise in voltage of the generator regardless of increases in speed. I now. so arrange the main switch that when this small current is flowing through the coil 28 the'core 9 will drop to the position shown in the drawing breaking connection between the members 4 and 10 and leaving only a comparatively high resist'an-ce" connection; across the ma-ins'be tween-contacts 11ia'ndz 13 and 12 and 14a This action of the switch will also cause the lever 17jto make: contact with 19 -s0 that the battery may supplypart of the current to the lampsor translating" devices if the *switch57gbe'closedinasmuch as the resist ance of the circuit from the battery through member 17, contact 19'- and wire 21 is much less than that from the generator' to the battery through resistance 23. Ifnow the generator shall stop the: contacts between the members'll and 13iand 12and 14 will lamps will be taken directly from the battery-as hereinbefore described u". Upon starting again, if the battery voltage still remain.

sufli'ciently high the :main switch in the first step of its operationyto witz closing :the'

contacts 11 and13and12 and '14, will cause the coil 51 to immediately closethe contact at 47 and thus cut-in thegcoil 45 in the manner'above described so that upon further rise in speed 'of the-generator ajslight current flowing'throug'h the carbon contacts'of the switch "and thence through the coil 28 will be suflici'ent tofso operate the resistances 40 that further increase in current will not take place and there will'not be wsuiiicient current in the' coil 3'to cause the core 9 to be further raised than shown in" the draw- 1 ing and the small maximum voltage cur- 'rent only will'be supplied-to' the battery.

However, if-there be 'suflicien't lamps or translating devicesthrown on as to require consld'erable current, the current then flowing through 1 theco1l 3"w1ll cause the core 9 to be raised and the circuit completed "through the member 5 "and thenthe generator will supply the current to the translation devices through resistance: 23 and the small charging current to the battery. If, however, for any reason, as forinstance, by the operation of the lamps or translating devices, the voltage of the batteries has been lowered during the stoppage of the generator'the coil 51- will 'notcause the contact to be made at 47 and the coil 45 will not" be energized and the full charging current will necessarily flow through the coil 28 before resistances will be inserted in the field which will allow the coil 3 to lift the core 9 in such manner as to complete the circuit through the member 5 and break the contact at 19 and throw the resistance 93 in the lamps or translation circuit.

From the foregoing it willbe obvious that I have produced a simple system of electrical distribution in which a variable speed generator may be caused to charge a storage battery until'its voltage shall have reached a certain predetermined amount I and then automatically cut down' the charging current until the same is of very small value without altogether cuttingyout the generator Also that in my system if any appreciable load'be thrown on the trans-* lation circuit the generator will carry the same and still supply only= a-small current to the-batteries when this is desirable as above: outlined. a I I 'I do not wishinv any way to limit myself to the eXact construction shown in the drawing norto'theexact description of any particular mode ofoperation which I have given inexplanation of one type of system embodying the essentials of my I invention which is as set forth inthe following claims.

-I claim 1. An electric systemcomprehending a generator; a storage battery, lamps or translatlng devices, a regulator forthe generator responsive to current fluctuations, meanscooperating therewith in the regulation of the generator responsive to voltage fluctuations and an auton1atic switch controlling the generator circuit including a resistance determined by the above named regulating 7 means in: the regulation of the generator.

2. f An electric system comprehending a generator, .a storage battery, andltranslat lng 'dev1ces, combined wlth means :for regu lating the generator responsivej topyariations inrrcurrent; means for"varying the action thereof; means for controlling the latter meansdependent upon the voltage of the battery, and a main switch operated upon variations of the generator and variably controlling the generator current.

3. An electric system comprehending a generator, a storage battery and translating devices combined with means for regulating the generator responsive to variations .in

- current, means for varying the action thereof dependent upon the voltageof the bat- 1 tery and a main switch controlling the generator circuitaifected by-the action of said voltageoperative means to increase the resistance of:t11e generator circuit a finite amount by the action thereof:-

4. An electric system comprehending a generat0r,-a storage battery and translating devices combined with means for regulating the generator responsive to variations in current, means for varying the action thereofdependent upon the voltage of the battery and a main switch controlling-the generator circuit affected by the action'of said voltage operated means to increase the resistance of the generator circuit by the action thereof and means whereby said switch assists in the control of current in the translation devices.

5. An electric system comprehending a generator, a storage battery and translation devices, an electromagnetic switch controlling the generator circuit, a regulator for the generator, means for affecting said regulator upon rises in voltage in such manner as to operate the main switch and means whereby said operation increases the resistance in the generator circuit a finite amount.

6. The combination with a generator, a main switch controlling the circuit thereof, a storage battery charged thereby, lamps or translating devices and means for control ling the generator, whereby the said, controlling means affects the main switch to adjust the resistance of the main circuit.

7. The combination with a generator, a main switch controlling the circuit thereof, a storage battery chargedthereby, lamps or translating devices and means for controlling the gene1'ato1',avhereby the said controlling means aflects the main switch to vary the resistance of the main circuit a finite amount and means operated by said main switch for controlling the resistance in the translation circuit.

8. An electric system comprehending a generator and a battery; and a work-circuit to be operated thereby; a generator regulator; and means whereby the effect produced by said regulator will automatically oppose resistance to the action of the generator a finite amount and directly control the operative relation of the battery to the work circuit.

9. An electric system comprehending a generator and its circuit; a field-circuit; a battery and its circuit; and a work-circuit; a generator regulator; and means for automatically affecting the operation of the latter upon voltage changes; and means whereby the eifect produced by said regulator will automatically increase the resistance of the generator circuit and control the condition of the battery circuit.

10. An electric system comprehending a generator and its circuit; a field-circuit; a battery and its circuit; and a work-circuit; a variable resistance in the field circuit for controlling the battery charging current; means connected across the generator circuit for preventing the battery from being charged beyond a predetermined maximum; and means controlled by the last named means for adjusting the generator circuit and automatically determining when the battery circuit is to be put in operative relation to the work-circuit.

11. An electric system comprehending a generator and its circuit; a field-circuit; a battery and its circuit; and a work-circuit; a generator regulator; means for controlling the action thereof, so that the generator may properly charge the battery and supply the work-circuit; means for regulating the operation of said generator controlling means; and means governed by the effect of said last named means for automatically controlling the operative relation of the battery and the generator to the worl -circuit, whereby the generator, the battery, or both, may supply the work-circuit.

12. An electric system comprehending a generator and a normally open circuit therefor; a battery and a normally closed circuit therefor; a work-circuit; a plurality of resistances in the generator circuit; and means for controlling the output of the generator operating to include both resistances when the generator and battery are together supplying the work-circuit, and cut out one of said resistances when the generator is supplying the work-circuit and charging the battery.

13. An electric system comprehending a generator, a storage battery, and translating devices, combined with means for regulating the generator responsive to variations in current; means for varying the action of said regulating means dependent upon battery conditions; controlling means for said varying means; and automatic means in the generator circuit for determining whether the translating devices shall be supplied by the battery or generator and the extent to which said devices shall be supplied by both.

GEORGE W. HALLOCK. Witnesses:

HERBERT J. SMITH, E. S. SPINNING.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Oommissioner of Patents.

Washington, D. G. 

